Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 2009, 17(6):52-62 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.288
The Nature of Chinese Business Negotiation Behaviour: A Battlefield or a Gentlemen's Club?
- Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, Fakulta mezinárodních vztahů (odehnalj@vse.cz).
Since the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) opened its market to the rest of the world, an enormous necessity to negotiate with Chinese business partners has arisen. Businessmen from all over the world face Chinese counterparts more and more often, business relations are becoming deeper and negotiating skills play one of the key roles in the successful process of entering the Chinese market. Good interpersonal relations with Chinese business partners seem to be of great importance for creating and maintaining long-term business relations. What is the philosophy of the Chinese way of negotiation? What is the philosophical base of Chinese business behaviour? How to understand Chinese negotiation strategies? What are the specifics of the Chinese business culture? What are the critical points every negotiator should be aware of to be able to create and maintain successful business relationship with Chinese partners? This article points out fundamental cultural determinants which influence the Chinese business behaviour while focusing on individual negotiation philosophies.
Keywords: National Culture, Business Negotiation, Cross-Cultural Business Negotiation, Cocianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Chinese Stratagems
JEL classification: F23
Published: October 1, 2009 Show citation
References
- ADAIR, W.; BRETT, J.; LEMPEREUR, A.; OKUMURA, T; SHIKHIREV, P; TINSLEY, C.; LYTLE, A. 2004. Culture and Negotiation Strategy: Research Report. Negotiation Journal. 2004, vol. 20, no. 1, s. 87-111.
Go to original source...
- AL-KHATIB, J. A.; VOLLMERS, S. M.; LIU., Y 2007. The Business to business negotiating in China: the role of morality. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 2007, vol. 22, no. 2, s. 84-96.
Go to original source...
- de BARY, W. T 1999. Sources of Chinese tradition, volume one, from earliest time to 1600. 2. ed. 1999. ISBN 0-231-10939-3.
- EBREY P B. 1993. The Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period. 1993. ISBN 0585104344.
Go to original source...
- FANG, T 2006. Negotiation: the Chinese style. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 2006, vol. 21, no. 1, s. 50-60.
Go to original source...
- FAURE, G. O. 1998. Negotiation: The Chinese Concept. Neogotiation Journal. 1998, vol. 14, no. 2, s. 137-148.
Go to original source...
- GELFAND, M. J.; DYER, N. 2000. A cultural Perspective on Negotiation: Progress, Pitfalls, and Prospects. Applied Psychology: An International Review. 2000, vol. 49, no. 1, s. 62-99.
Go to original source...
- GHAURI, P N.; FANG, T 1999. The chinese business negotiation process: a socio-cultural analysis [esearch paper]. Graduate School/Research Institute, Systems, Organisations and Management (SOM). 1999. http://som.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/reports/1995-1999/themeB/1999/99B15.
- GRAHAM, J. L. 1985. The Influence of Culture on the process of business negotiations: An Exploratory Study. Journal of International Business Studies. 1985, vol. 16, no. 1, s. 81-96.
Go to original source...
- HALL, E. T. The Hidden Dimension. 1966. ISBN 0-385-08476-5.
- HALL, E. T. The Silent Language. 1980. ISBN 0313222770.
- HOFSTEDE, G. Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. 2. ed. 2001. ISBN 0803973233.
- CHEN, M.-J. Inside Chinese Business: A Guide for Managers Worldwide. 2001. ISBN 1591393272.
- KHARBANDA, O. P; STALLWORTHY, E. A. 1991. Negotiation an essential management skill. Journal of Managerial Psychology. 1991, vol. 6, no. 4, s. 2-52.
Go to original source...
- LAICHTER, J. Hovory Konfuciovy. Praha : 1940. Překlad V. Lesný a J. Průšek.
- LAO-C'. 1989. Tao te ting - O tao a ctnosti (filozofický traktát). Praha : Dharmagaia, 1989. Překlad B. Krebsová.
- LEE, K.; YANG, G.; GRAHAM, J. L. 2006. Tension and trust in international business negotiations: American executives negotiationg with Chinese executives. Journal of International Business Studies. 2006, vol. 37, no. 5, s. 623-641.
Go to original source...
- LEE, S. M. Spectrum of Chinese Culture: All About Chinese Heritage. 2006. ISBN 9679780805.
- LINTON, R. The Cultural Background of Personality. 1981. ISBN 0313227837.
- MOVIUS, H.; MATSUURA, M.; YAN, J.; Kim, D. Y. 2006. Tailoring the Mutual Gains Approach for Negotiations with Partners in Japan, China, and Korea. Negotiation Journal. 2006, vol. 22, no. 4, s. 389-435.
Go to original source...
- RUANE, A. E. 2006. "Real Men" and Diplomats: Intercultural Diplomatic Negotiation and Masculinities in China and the United States. International Studies Perspectives. 2006, vol. 7, no. 4, s. 342-359.
Go to original source...
- TRIANDIS, H. C. Culture and Social Behavior. 1994. ISBN 0070651108.
- TU, W. M. Confucian Ethics Today: The Singapore Challenge. Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore: Federal Publications. 1984.
- SENGER, H. von. The book of stratagems. 1991. ISBN 0670839620.
- XU, Yuanxiang. Confucius - A Philosopher for Ages. 2007. ISBN 7-5085-1037-2.
- XU, Yuanxiang; YIN,Yongjian. Lao Tzu - The Eternal Tao Te Ching. 2007. ISBN 7-5085-1038-0.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.